普惠貿(mào)易的背景
background for inclusive trade
1. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展與普及
Wide spread of Internet and communication technology
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的不斷進展,及其在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用,帶來產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新和貿(mào)易效率的提升
2. 第三方跨境服務(wù)平臺興起的賦能
Third party platform for cross-border e-commerce
普惠貿(mào)易的可能性與實現(xiàn)多仰賴于第三方跨境平臺服務(wù)的興起和發(fā)達,可以說普惠貿(mào)易就是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺經(jīng)濟所促成的顯著成果,平臺是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)在國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用中最具影響力的創(chuàng)新。
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的全球貿(mào)易體系主要依賴平臺,依功能可分為5種型態(tài):信息撮合、交易、支付、物流、綜合服務(wù)
3. 運輸技術(shù)和物流解決方案的進步 global logistic technology and service
搭配互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和第三方平臺,促使跨境零售的運送成本降低,并實現(xiàn)滿足少量多樣需求跨國交付的可能性和選擇性
4. 科技、媒體的進展與全球經(jīng)濟的變遷影響消費需求的型態(tài),消費需求的變化,
global transformation of trade procedures ( triggering global fragmented supply and demand with long tail effect),
產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新和多樣化
產(chǎn)品生命周期區(qū)趨短,迭代、換代愈趨頻繁
消費偏好和趨勢轉(zhuǎn)向迅速
中產(chǎn)階級在各國壯大,促使物美價廉與個性化的消費需求兩極化
貨物進出口型態(tài)趨向碎片化(多頻次、少量、多樣)
借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和平臺,長尾商品在全球范圍下成為跨境電商的要角
5. 貿(mào)易便利化的推展 trade facilitation policies
貿(mào)易單證電子化
數(shù)字化單一窗口的推動
各國配合推行貿(mào)易便利化的各種措施
各國政府對跨境電商的支持和政策配合
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的蓬勃發(fā)展帶來的商業(yè)模式、產(chǎn)品、及市場結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,使得國際貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型。消費者、企業(yè)和更多在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易中的弱勢群體都可以參與到國際貿(mào)易中來,獲得更優(yōu)質(zhì)的資源、服務(wù)和多種多樣的渠道,國際市場信息更透明,貿(mào)易流程更方便,因此,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使得國際貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)“普惠”的特點。
普惠貿(mào)易,亦即包容性貿(mào)易,是指各個階層的貿(mào)易主體,尤其是貿(mào)易弱勢群體能夠參與到貿(mào)易中來的服務(wù)。其核心是有效、全面地為社會所有階層和群體提供貿(mào)易服務(wù),一方面,是那些被傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易忽視的中小微型企業(yè)、個體商戶等,另一方面,消費者也可以直接與全球的商戶、消費者溝通,參與到國際貿(mào)易中來,并且獲得更加多樣化的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),實現(xiàn)全球性的消費。
普惠貿(mào)易必須體現(xiàn)的特征:
what is inclusive trade?
It is characterized by the following:
1) 使傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易中的弱勢群體能夠參與到國際貿(mào)易中來
(it is possible for SMEs, micro -sized enterprises, and individuals to participate in global trade)
2) 貿(mào)易流程更加方便透明(simple and transparent global trade procedures )
3) 參與國際貿(mào)易的渠道較為容易
(easy access to the global market channels, opportunities with low cost and expenses)
4) 國際貿(mào)易全方位服務(wù)
(affordable access to the global business services, including trade financing, marketing, data mining, credit rating, etc.)
5) 全球消費者能夠方便購買來自全球任意地點的商品
(individualized and wider choices of products for global consumers from all over the world)
6) 貿(mào)易中的參與主體,包括消費者、小企業(yè)等,能夠從普惠貿(mào)易中獲得利益
( benefits obtained directly by the global suppliers and consumers)
What is the implication of inclusive trade?
- Is it happening? How can we measure the inclusive trade?
- Is it an innovative way of doing global trade?
- How is it different from the traditional global trade?
- How can we make it possible?
- What is the role of the cross-border e-commerce platforms?
- What is the role of the government and what is the regulation suitable for inclusive trade?
- How can we measure the inclusive trade is beneficial to all stakeholders? Employment opportunities, consumer warfare, SMEs and economic growth, poverty reduction, etc.
- How can we meet all the challenges? Global consumer protection, cross-border personal information protection, cross-border identification and certification, taxation, etc.
- How is the international cooperation? Pilot projects, PPP arrangement, technical assistance, capacity building, cross-border trade data exchange, etc.
- What is the future of global trade regime?